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RESOURCES | Translated Instruments - Research Literature - GHQ
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General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)

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Literature available on Psychiatric Assessment Instruments translated in non-English languages:


GHQ Section 1. Arabic

  • El-Rufaie OF, et al.Validation of the Arabic versions of the thirty and twelve-items General Health Questionnaires in primary care patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Nov; 169(5): 662-664

GHQ Section 2. Cambodian

  • Cheung P, et al. Reliability and validity of the Cambodian version of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1994 Apr; 29(2): 95-99

GHQ Section 3. Chinese

  • Chan DW. The Chinese General Health Questionnaire in a psychiatric setting: the development of the Chinese scaled version. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1993 Jul; 28(3): 124-129

  • Chan DW. The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire: does language make a difference? Psychol Med. 1985 Feb; 15(1): 147-155

  • Chan DW.The two scaled versions of the Chinese General Health Questionnaire: a comparative analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1995 Mar; 30(2): 85-91

  • Li J, Fielding R. The measurement of current perceived health among Chinese peple in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, Southern China . Qual Life Res 1995 Jun;4(3):271-278

  • Pan PC, et al. A comparison of the validity of GHQ-12 and CHQ-12 in Chinese primary care patients in Manchester. Psychol Med. 1990 Nov; 20(4): 931-940

  • Shek DT. Validity of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire. J Clin Psychol 1989 Nov;45(6):890-897

GHQ Section 4. French

  • Bolognini M, et al.The validity of the French version of the GHQ-28 and PSYDIS in a community sample of 20 year olds in Switzerland. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1989; 238(3): 161-168

  • Bouchet C, Guillemin F, Briancon S. [Comparison of 3 quality of life instruments in the longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1995;43(3):250-258

  • De Mont-Marin F, et al.[Validation of a French version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a diabetic population]. Encephale. 1993 Jul; 19(4): 293-301

  • Walker V, Streiner DL, Novosel S, Rocchi A, Levine MA, Dean DM. Health-related quality of life in patients with major depression who are treated with moclobemide. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995 Aug;15(4 Suppl 2):60S-67S

GHQ Section 5. German

  • Elton M, et al. A comparative investigation of the principal component structure of the 28 item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 15-year-old schoolgirls in England, Greece, Turkey and West Germany. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 Feb; 77(2): 124-132

GHQ Section 6. Greek

  • Adamopoulou A, et al. Mental health and primary care in ethnic groups Greek Cypriots inLondon: a preliminary investigation. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1990; 36(4): 244-251

  • Boardman AP, et al.The detection of psychiatric cases by Greek physicians: report on a study carried out in a Greek primary care setting. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1992; 38(3): 235-2

  • Elton M, et al. A comparative investigation of the principal component structure of the 28 item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 15-year-old schoolgirls in England, Greece, Turkey and West Germany. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 Feb; 77(2): 124-132

  • Garyfallos G, et al. Greek version of the General Health Questionnaire: accuracy of translation and validity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991 Oct; 84(4): 371-378

  • Weyerer S, et al, The principal component structure of the General Health Questionnaire among Greek and Turkish adolescents. Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1986; 236(2): 75-82

GHQ Section 7. Hindi

  • Jacob KS, The validation of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among ethnic Indian women living in the United Kingdom. Psychol Med. 1997 Sep; 27(5): 1215-1217

GHQ Section 8. Indian

  • Sriram TG, et al. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Comparison of the English version and a translated Indian version. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1989 Nov; 24(6): 317-320

GHQ Section 9. Italian

  • Febbo S, et al Validation of an Italian translation of the 30-item General Health Questionnaire for use in Australia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry . 1995 Jun; 29(2): 266-269

  • Fontanesi F, et al Validation of the Italian version of the GHQ in a general practice setting. Psychol Med. 1985 May; 15(2): 411-415

  • Piccinelli M, et al Validity and test-retest reliability of the Italian version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire in general practice: a comparison between three scoring methods. Compr Psychiatry . 1993 May; 34(3): 198-205

GHQ Section 10. Japanese

  • Iwata N, et al. Psychometric properties of the 30-item version general health questionnaire in Japanese. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol . 1994 Sep; 48(3): 547-556

  • Kitamura T, et al. Validity of the Japanese version of the GHQ among antenatal clinical attendants. Psychol Med. 1989 May; 19(2): 507-511

  • Kitamura T, et al.Comparison of different scoring systems for the Japanese version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychopathology . 1993; 26(2): 108-112

  • Mishima N, et al. [A study on the usefulness of stress assessment based on the THP health measurement--comparison with the general health questionnaire]. Sangyo Ika Daigaku Zasshi . 1995 Mar 1; 17(1): 1-9.

  • Takeuchi M, et al. The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire in a Japanese high school and university student sample. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1991; 37(2): 99-106

GHQ Section 11. Nigerian

  • Oduwole OO, et al. Validity of the GHQ-30 in a Nigerian medical outpatient clinic. Can J Psychiatry. 1989 Feb; 34(1): 20-23

GHQ Section 12. Spanish

  • Badia X, Gutierrez F, Wiklund I, Alonso J. Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index. Qual Life Res 1996 Feb;5(1):101-108

  • Lobo A, et al. Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a Spanish population. Psychol Med. 1986 Feb; 16(1): 135-140

GHQ Section 13. Turkish

  • Elton M, et al. A comparative investigation of the principal component structure of the 28 item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 15-year-old schoolgirls in England, Greece, Turkey and West Germany. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 Feb; 77(2): 124-132

  • Kihc C, et al. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12 & GHQ28): psychometric properties and factor structure of the scales in a Turkish primary care sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1997 Aug; 32(6): 327-331

  • Stuart GW, et al.The factor structure of the Turkish version of the General Health Questionnaire. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1993; 39(4): 274-284

  • Weyerer S, et al, The principal component structure of the General Health Questionnaire among Greek and Turkish adolescents. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1986; 236(2): 75-82

GHQ Section 14. Yoruba

  • Gureje O. Reliability and the factor structure of the Yoruba version of the12-item General Health Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991 Aug; 84(2): 125-129